Educational Articles
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Timolol ophthalmic is a beta-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure (pressure within the eye) in cats and dogs with glaucoma. Timolol ophthalmic is also used to prevent glaucoma in the normal eye of an animal with unilateral (one-sided) glaucoma. This medication is used off label in veterinary medicine.
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Tobramycin ophthalmic is an antimicrobial medication used to treat eye infections in cats, dogs, and exotic companion animals. Tobramycin ophthalmic comes in ointment and liquid drop suspension form. Caution when using this medication in pets with kidney disease and/or glaucoma. Do not confuse this medication with combination products containing tobramycin and a steroid.
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Toceranib phosphate is given by mouth and is used on and off label to treat mast cell tumors and other cancers in cats and dogs. Common side effects include diarrhea, decreased or lack of appetite, lameness, or weight loss. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it, are breeding, pregnant, or lactating, are less than 24 months old, weigh less than 11 lbs (5 kg), or that are having or have had surgery in the past 2 weeks. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.
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Topical omega-3 fatty acids are found in various skin support products for pets to promote a healthy skin and coat in dogs, cats, small mammals, and horses. These products, such as Dermoscent® Atop 7®, are often used in combination with omega-6 fatty acids to enhance overall health and reduce inflammation. They can also help decrease itching associated with certain skin diseases.
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Topiramate is an anticonvulsant used to treat refractory seizures in dogs. It may be used to treat seizures or feline idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis in cats and refractory seizures in other animals, though little information on efficacy is available. It is used off label (extra label) in veterinary medicine. Topiramate comes in capsules, tablet, and liquid suspension forms.
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Torsemide, also known as UpCard®CA-1, is a diuretic used to remove excess fluid (water) from the body. It is used in conditions such as heart disease and lung disease. It is conditionally approved by the FDA for use in dogs only. Torsemide comes in an oral liquid suspension form.
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Tramadol is a synthetic opioid given by mouth in the form of a tablet, capsule, or compounded liquid, and is used off label to treat pain. Common side effects include sedation, gastrointestinal upset, or agitation. It should not be used in pets that are hypersensitive to opioids, and should be used cautiously in geriatric, sick, or pets with seizures. If a negative reaction occurs, call your veterinary office.
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Travoprost ophthalmic is a topical medication used to reduce intraocular pressure (pressure within the eye) in dogs with glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension (high fluid pressure in the eye). This medication is used off label in veterinary medicine. Travoprost ophthalmic comes in liquid drop suspension form.
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Trazodone oral tablets are commonly used off label to treat short-term anxieties or as an adjunctive treatment for behavioral disorders in dogs and cats. Side effects may include sedation, behavior changes, vomiting, and priapism. Patients with heart, kidney, or liver disease or closed angle glaucoma should use this medication with caution.
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Triamcinolone acetonide is given by mouth or injection and is used on and off label to treat Addison’s disease, inflammatory conditions, and immune-mediated diseases. Give as directed. Common side effects include increased drinking, increased urination, and increased appetite. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it, or pets with systemic fungal infections, viral infections, ulcers, tuberculosis, or Cushing’s disease. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.